Publications in support of the proposed research (Team members in bold):

Bernauer, F., Garcia, R. F., Murdoch, N., Dehant, V., Sollberger, D., Schmelzbach, C., Stahler, S., Wassermann, J., Igel, H., Cadu, A., Mimoun, D., Ritter, B., Filice, V., Karatekin, O., Ferraioli, L., Robertsson, J. O. A., Giardini, D., Lecamp, G., Guattari, F., & de Raucourt, S. (2020). Exploring planets and asteroids with 6dof sensors: Utopia and realism. Earth, Planets and Space, 72, 1–18.

Bernauer, F., Wassermann, J., Guattari, F., Frenois, A., Bigueur, A., Gaillot, A., de Toldi, E., Ponceau, D., Schreiber, U., &  Igel, H. (2018). Blueseis3a: Full characterization of a 3c broadband rotational seismometer. Seismological Research Letters, 89(2A), 620–629.

Bernauer, M., Fichtner, A., & Igel, H. (2014). Reducing nonuniqueness in finite source inversion using rotational ground motions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 119(6), 4860–4875. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011042

Biskupek, L., Singh, V. V., & Muller, J. (2022). Estimation of earth rotation parameter ut1 from lunar laser ranging observations. In Geodesy for a sustainable earth: Proceedings of the 2021 scientific assembly of the international association of geodesy, beijing, china, june 28–july 2, 2021 (pp. 259–265). Springer.

Brotzer, A. (2025). The romy ring laser array for seismology: Instrumental characterization, low noise limits for rotations and seismological applications [Doctoral dissertation, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen].

Brotzer, A., Igel, H., Stutzmann, E., Montagner, J.-P., Bernauer, F., Wassermann, J., Widmer-Schnidrig, R., Lin, C.-J., Kiselev, S., Vernon, F., & Schreiber, K. U. (2024). Characterizing the background noise level of rotational ground motions on earth. Seismological Research Letters, 95(3), 1858–1869.

Cerveira, P. J. M., Weber, R., & Schuh, H. (2007). The instantaneous earth rotation-still inaccessible? Vermessung Und Geoinformation.

Ciminelli, C., & Brunetti, G. (2023). Laser gyroscope precisely tracks the earth’s rotation. Nature Photonics, 17(12), 1023–1024.

Creutzfeldt, B., Guntner, A., Klugel, T., & Wziontek, H. (2008). Simulating the influence of water storage changes on the superconducting gravimeter of the geodetic observatory Wettzell, germany. Geophysics, 73(6), WA95–WA104.

Fichtner, A., & Igel, H. (2009). Sensitivity densities for rotational ground-motion measurements. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99(2B), 1302–1314.

Gebauer, A., Tercjak, M., Schreiber, K. U., Igel, H., Kodet, J., Hugentobler, U., Wassermann, J., Bernauer, F., Lin, C.-J., Donner, S., et al. (2020). Reconstruction of the instantaneous earth rotation vector with sub-arcsecond resolution using a large scale ring laser array. Physical Review Letters, 125(3), 033605.

Glaser, S., Fritsche, M., So´snica, K., Rodriguez-Solano, C. J., Wang, K., Dach, R., Hugentobler, U., Rothacher, M., & Dietrich, R. (2015). A consistent combination of GNSS and SLR with minimum constraints. Journal of Geodesy, 89, 1165–1180.

Glaser, S., Konig, R., Ampatzidis, D., Nilsson, T., Heinkelmann, R., Flechtner, F., & Schuh, H. (2017). A Global Terrestrial Reference Frame from simulated VLBI and SLR data in view of GGOS. Journal of Geodesy, 91, 723–733.

Glaser, S., Konig, R., Neumayer, K. H., Balidakis, K., & Schuh, H. (2019). Future SLR station networks in the framework of simulated multi-technique terrestrial reference frames. Journal of Geodesy, 93, 2275–2291.

Guntner, A., Reich, M., Mikolaj, M., Creutzfeldt, B., Schroeder, S., & Wziontek, H. (2017). Landscape-scale water balance monitoring with an igrav superconducting gravimeter in a field enclosure. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 21(6), 3167–3182.

Hadziioannou, C., Gaebler, P., Schreiber, U., Wassermann, J., & Igel, H. (2012). Examining ambient noise using collocated measurements of rotational and translational motion. Journal of seismology, 16, 787–796.

Hand, E. (2017). Lord of the rings. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 236–238. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.356.6335.236

Hellmers, H., Thaller, D., Blosfeld, M., Kehm, A., & Girdiuk, A. (2019). Combination of VLBI intensive sessions with gnss for generating low latency earth rotation parameters. Advances in Geosciences, 50, 49–56. https://doi.org/10.519/adgeo-50-49-2019

Hofmann, F., Biskupek, L., & Muller, J. (2018). Contributions to reference systems from lunar laser ranging using the ife analysis model. Journal of Geodesy, 92(9), 975–987.

Hurst, R. B., Mayerbacher, M., Gebauer, A., Schreiber, K. U., & Wells, J.-P. R. (2017). High-accuracy absolute rotation rate measurements with a large ring laser gyro: Establishing the scale factor. Applied Optics, 56(4), 1124–1130.

Hurst, R. B., Rabeendran, N., Schreiber, K. U., & Wells, J.-P. R. (2014). Correction of backscatter-induced systematic errors in ring laser gyroscopes. Applied optics, 53(31), 7610–7618.

Igel, H., Cochard, A., Wassermann, J., Flaws, A., Schreiber, U., Velikoseltsev, A., & Pham Dinh, N. (2007). Broad-band observations of earthquake-induced rotational ground motions. Geophysical Journal International, 168(1), 182–196.

Igel, H., Nader, M.-F., Kurrle, D., Ferreira, A. M., Wassermann, J., & Schreiber, K. U. (2011). Observations of earth’s toroidal free oscillations with a rotation sensor: The 2011 magnitude 9.0 tohoku-oki earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 38(21).

Igel, H., Schreiber, K. U., Gebauer, A., Bernauer, F., Egdorf, S., Simonelli, A., Lin, C.-J., Wassermann, J., Donner, S., Hadziioannou, C., Yuan, S., Brotzer, A., Kodet, J., et al. (2021). Romy: A multicomponent ring laser for geodesy and geophysics. Geophysical Journal International, 225(1), 684–698. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa614

Igel, H., Schreiber, U., Flaws, A., Schuberth, B., Velikoseltsev, A., & Cochard, A. (2005). Rotational motions induced by the m8. 1 tokachi-oki earthquake, september 25, 2003. Geophysical research letters, 32(8). https://doi.org/doi:10.1029/2004GL022336.

Kehm, A., Hellmers, H., Blosfeld, M., Dill, R., Angermann, D., Seitz, F., Hugentobler, U., Dobslaw, H., Thomas, M., Thaller, D., et al. (2023). Combination strategy for consistent final, rapid and predicted earth rotation parameters. Journal of Geodesy, 97(1), 3. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00190-022-01695-w

Keil, S., Wassermann, J., & Igel, H. (2021). Single-station seismic microzonation using 6c measurements. Journal of Seismology, 25, 103–114.

Klugel, T., & Wziontek, H. (2009). Correcting gravimeters and tiltmeters for atmospheric mass attraction using operational weather models. Journal of Geodynamics, 48(3-5), 204–210.

Lengert, L., Thaller, D., Flohrer, C., Hellmers, H., & Girdiuk, A. (2022). On the improvement of combined eop series by adding 24-h VLBI sessions to VLBI intensives and gnss data. In Geodesy for a sustainable earth: Proceedings of the 2021 scientific assembly of the international association of geodesy, beijing, china, june 28–july 2, 2021 (pp. 245–252). Springer.  https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/1345_2022_175

Lindner, F.,Wassermann, J., Schmidt-Aursch, M. C., Schreiber, K. U., & Igel, H. (2017). Seafloor ground rotation observations: Potential for improving signal-to-noise ratio on horizontal obs components. Seismological Research Letters, 88(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220160051

Liu, K., Zhang, F., Li, Z., Feng, X., Li, K., Lu, Z., Schreiber, K., Luo, J., & Zhang, J. (2019). Large-scale passive laser gyroscope for earth rotation sensing. Optics Letters, 44(11), 2732–2735.

Mendes Cerveira, P., Bohm, J., Schuh, H., Klugel, T., Velikoseltsev, A., Schreiber, K. U., & Brzezinski, A. (2009). Earth rotation observed by very long baseline interferometry and ring laser. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 166, 1499–1517.

Mendes Cerveira, P., Englich, S., Schuh, H., Klugel, T., Velikoseltsev, A., & Schreiber, U. (2008). How can the Wettzell  “g” ring laser improve VLBI measurements of subdiurnal earth rotation variations? Measuring the Future, Proceedings of the Fifth IVS General Meeting.

Mendes Cerveira, P., Spicakova, H., Schuh, H., Klugel, T., Schreiber, U., & Velikoseltsev, A. (2009). Earth rotation parameters from very long baseline interferometry and ringlaser observables. In Advances in geosciences: Volume 13: Solid earth (se) (pp. 155–165). World Scientific.

Muller, J., Murphy, T. W., Schreiber, U., Shelus, P. J., Torre, J.-M., Williams, J. G., Boggs, D. H., Bouquillon, S., Bourgoin, A., & Hofmann, F. (2019). Lunar laser ranging: A tool for general relativity, lunar geophysics and earth science. Journal of Geodesy, 93, 2195–2210.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-019-01296-0

Muller, J., Williams, J. G., & Turyshev, S. G. (2008). Lunar laser ranging contributions to relativity and geodesy. In Lasers, clocks and drag-free control: Exploration of relativistic gravity in space (pp. 457–472). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34377-6_21

Murray-Bergquist, L., Bernauer, F., & Igel, H. (2021). Characterization of six-degree-of-freedom sensors for building health monitoring. Sensors, 21(11), 3732.  https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113732

Nilsson, T., Bohm, J., Schuh, H., Schreiber, U., Gebauer, A., & Klugel, T. (2012). Combining VLBI and ring laser observations for determination of high frequency earth rotation variation. Journal of Geodynamics, 62, 69–73. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2012.02.002

Pancha, A., Webb, T., Stedman, G., McLeod, D., & Schreiber, K. (2000). Ring laser detection of rotations from teleseismic waves. Geophysical Research Letters, 27(21), 3553–3556. https://doi.org/doi:10.1029/2000GL011734

Parselia, E., Nilsson, T., Heinkelmann, R., Gebauer, A., Klugel, T., Schreiber, U., & Schuh, H. (2014). Earth rotation determination by combining ring laser gyroscopes and VLBI. International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry 2014 General Meeting Proceedings:” VGOS: The New VLBI Network, 495–499.

Schreiber KU, Hugentobler U, Kodet J, Stellmer S, Klügel T, Wells JR. Gyroscope measurements of the precession and nutation of Earth’s axis. Sci Adv. 2025 Sep 5;11(36):eadx6634. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adx6634. Epub 2025 Sep 3. PMID: 40901960; PMCID: PMC12407070.

Schreiber, U., Gebauer, A., & Wells, J.-P. (2013). Closed-loop locking of an optical frequency comb to a large ring laser.  Optics letters, 38(18), 3574–3577.  https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.38.003574

Schreiber, U., Igel, H., Cochard, A., Velikoseltsev, A., Flaws, A., Schuberth, B., Drewitz, W., & Muller, F. (2006). The geosensor project: Rotations—a new observable for seismology. Observation of the Earth System from Space, 427–443. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-29522-4_28

Schreiber, U., Klugel, T., Wells, J.-P., Hurst, R., & Gebauer, A. (2011). How to detect the chandler and the annual wobble of the earth with a large ring laser gyroscope. Physical Review Letters, 107(17), 173904. https://doi.org/https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.173904

Schreiber, U., Kodet, J., Hugentobler, U., Klugel, T., & Wells, J.-P. R. (2023). Variations in the earth’s rotation rate measured with a ring laser interferometer. Nature Photonics, 17(12), 1054–1058. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-023-01286-x

Schreiber, U., Thirkettle, R. J., Hurst, R. B., Follman, D., Cole, G. D., Aspelmeyer, M., & Wells, J.-P. R. (2015). Sensing earths rotation with a helium–neon ring laser operating at 1.15 μm. Optics Letters, 40(8), 1705–1708.

Schreiber, U., & Wells, J.-P. (2023). Rotation sensing with large ring lasers: Applications in geophysics and geodesy. Cambridge University Press.

Schuh, H., & Behrend, D. (2012). VLBI: A fascinating technique for geodesy and astrometry. Journal of geodynamics, 61, 68–80. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2012.07.007

Schuh, H., Heinkelmann, R., Beyerle, G., Anderson, J. M., Balidakis, K., Belda, S., Dhar, S., Glaser, S., Jenie, O., Karbon, M., et al. (2021). The potsdam open source radio interferometry tool (port). Publications of the Astronomical Society

Singh, V. V., Biskupek, L., Muller, J., & Zhang, M. (2022). Earth rotation parameter estimation from LLR. Advances in Space Research, 70(8), 2383–2398. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2022.07.038

Sollberger, D., Igel, H., Schmelzbach, C., Edme, P., Van Manen, D.-J., Bernauer, F., Yuan, S., Wassermann, J., Schreiber, U., & Robertsson, J. O. (2020). Seismological processing of six degree-of-freedom ground-motion data. Sensors, 20(23), 6904.

Tang, L., Igel, H., & Montagner, J.-P. (2023). Anisotropy and deformation processes in southern california from rotational observations. Geophysical Research Letters, 50(23), e2023GL105970. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL105970

Tanimoto, T., Hadziioannou, C., Igel, H., Wasserman, J., Schreiber, U., & Gebauer, A. (2015). Estimate of rayleigh-to-love wave ratio in the secondary microseism by colocated ring laser and seismograph. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(8), 2650–2655. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063637

Tanimoto, T., Hadziioannou, C., Igel, H.,Wassermann, J., Schreiber, U., Gebauer, A., & Chow, B. (2016). Seasonal variations in the rayleigh-to-love wave ratio in the secondary microseism from colocated ring laser and seismograph. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 121(4), 2447–2459. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB012885

Tanimoto, T., Lin, C.-J., Hadziioannou, C., Igel, H., & Vernon, F. (2016). Estimate of rayleigh-to-love wave ratio in the secondary microseism by a small array at pinon flat observatory, california. Geophysical research letters, 43(21), 11–173. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071133

Thaller, D., Krugel, M., Rothacher, M., Tesmer, V., Schmid, R., & Angermann, D. (2007). Combined earth orientation parameters based on homogeneous and continuous VLBI and gps data. Journal of Geodesy, 81, 529–541. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00190-006-0115-z

Wassermann, J., Bernauer, F., Shiro, B., Johanson, I., Guattari, F., & Igel, H. (2020). Six-axis ground motion measurements of caldera collapse at kılauea volcano, hawai’i—more data, more puzzles? Geophysical Research Letters, 47(5). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085999

Wassermann, J., Braun, T., Ripepe, M., Bernauer, F., Guattari, F., & Igel, H. (2022). The use of 6dof measurement in volcano seismology–a first application to stromboli volcano. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 424, 107499.

Widmer-Schnidrig, R., & Zurn, W. (2009). Perspectives for ring laser gyroscopes in low-frequency seismology. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99(2B), 1199–1206.

Widmer-Schnidrig, R., & Brotzer, A. (2024). On the limit imposed by variable atmospheric pressure for the observation of small terrestrial rotations around horizontal axes. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-1797

Yuan, S., Gessele, K., Gabriel, A.-A., May, D. A., Wassermann, J., & Igel, H. (2021). Seismic source tracking with six degree-of-freedom ground motion observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 126(3), e2020JB021112.

Zurn, W., Forbriger, T., Widmer-Schnidrig, R., Duffner, P., & Ringler, A. T. (2022). Modelling tilt noise caused by atmospheric, processes at long periods for several horizontal seismometers at bfo—a reprise. Geophysical Journal International, 228(2), 927–943. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab336